九年级英语上学期Unit6学案

    18.She asked if the man (with blood on his shirt) had been involved in the crime.
    三、语法:
    直接引语和间接引语
    当我们引用别人的话时,可以用别人的原话,也可以用自己的话把意思转述出来,如果是引用原话,被引用的部分就称为直接引语,如果是转述,就称为间接引语。如:
    A. The detective asked: "Who knows the victim?",其中的"Who knows the victim?"就是直接引语。
    B. The detective asked who knew the victim. 其中的who knew the victim就是间接引语。直接引语通常用引号("")括起来,间接引语在多数情况下都构成一个宾语从句。
    ★如果引用的句子原来是一个陈述句,在间接引语的开头用连词that;要根据意思改变人称,同时引语中的谓语和主句的谓语在时态上要相对称。
    ① He said, "the old woman looks very worried."
    He said that the old woman looked very worried.
    ①两句中的间接引语开头用连词that,在动词say后,有时that可以省略。
    ② Tom said to me, "I have left my toy at home."
    Tom told me that he had left his toy at home.
    ②两句中直接引语和间接引语的主语已经发生变化。间接引语中的主语和主句中的主语是一致的。he就是指Tom,she就是指The victim's mother.
    ③"I'm scared", said the witness.
    The witness said that she was scared.
    ③两句中的直接引语是一般现在时,变成间接引语时,要变成一般过去时。
    ④"The thief is running away." Said Mrs Ma.
    Mrs Ma said the thief was running away.
    ④两句中,直接引语中的现在进行时改变成了间接引语中的过去进行时,表示在过去某时,动作正在进行。
    ⑤Detective Jones said, "I've finished my report."
    Detective Jones said that he had finished his report.

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    ⑤两句中,直接引语中的现在完成时,改变成了间接引语中的过去完成时。
    ⑥Mr Wu said, "I read the newspaper."
    Mr Wu said that he had read the newspaper.
    ⑥两句中,直接引语中的一般过去时改变了间接引语中的过去完成时。直接引语中的动作read,saw发生在主句动作said之前,因此变成间接引语时要变成过去完成时。
    ⑦"We will look for more clues." Said Detective Jones.
    Detective Jones said that they would look for more clues.
    ⑦两句中直接引语中的一般将来时,改变成了间接引语中的过去将来时,表示look for和catch up with这两个动作分别发生在主句动作"said和answered"之后,因此间接引语中要用过去将来时。
    ★直接引语变成间接引语时,直接引语中的指示代词,地点和时间状语等要作相应的变动。
    ①She said: "I will come here tonight."-She said that she would go there that night.
    ②Jack said to us, "These are my stamps."-Jack told us that those were his stamps.
    ③Lucy said: "My sister came back two days ago."
    Lucy said that he sister had gone back two days before.
    ④Mr Hu answered, "They will arrive here tomorrow evening."
    Mr Hu answered that they would arrive there the next evening.
    这种改变可归纳成下表:
    在直接引语中 在间接引语中
    指示代词 this that
    these those
    地点状语 here there
    动  词 come go
    时间状语 now then
    today that day
    yesterday the day before
    last week(year, ect.) the week(year, ect.) before
    two days(a month, ect.) two days(a month, ect.) before
    tomorrow the next(following) day
    tomorrow morning the next(following) morning
    next week(year, ect.) the next week(year, ect.)
    【注】时间状语this afternoon在间接引语中没有改变。因为转述的是当天所说的话。这种情况下,时间状语可不作改变。如:
    ⑥Tom said: "I will finish the work this afternoon."
    Tom said that he would finish the work this afternoon.
    ★如果直接引语是一个特殊疑问句,在变成间接引语时,除了要注意人称,状语等的变化和时态相对称外,还要注意间接引语中应用陈述句的语序,不能用疑问句的语序。同时不能用连词that,而要用特殊疑问句,句末用句号。
    ①The teacher asked, "What are you parents?"
    The teacher asked what my parents were.
    ②He asked, "When will you see your uncle, Liu Mei?"
    He asked Liu Mei when she would see her uncle.
    ③I asked, "Which book is yours, Meimei?"
    I asked Meimei which book was hers.
    ④Tom asked me, "How are you getting on with your classmates?"
    Tom asked me how I was getting on with my classmates.
    ⑤I asked, "Who did you wait for yesterday, Tom?"
    I asked Tom who he had waited for the day before.
    ⑥She asked, "Where are we going to meet tomorrow?"
    She asked where they were going to meet the following day.
    ⑦He asked me, "Why were you late yesterday?"
    He asked me why I had been late the day before.

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